(64)diversity n. /variety n.
diversity是不可数名词,有时作单数用,前面可加冠词a,意为“多种多样”,多指从总体的角度看里面包含着很多不同的东西;variety既是可数名词也是不可数名同,作为不可数名词时,意为“各种各样”,多指从个体的角度看每个个体都与其他不同,不单调,有变化。
例:Mary has a great diversity of interests;she likes sports, travel and photography.
玛丽兴趣广泛,她喜欢体育运动、旅游和摄影。
What the students requested most often was variety within the lesson hour.
学生们最经常的要求就是课堂上要花样翻新。
(65)durable a. /permanent a. /perpetual a. /long-lasting a.
durable指衣物的经久耐用或友谊、和平或品德等经得起考验的性质;permanent指永久不变的,如“永久的”住宅、地址或职业等;long-lasting指事物的旷日持久、历时已久的性质。
例:a durable fabric 耐穿织物;a durable friendship 持久的友谊
The universal human are yearning for a permanent peace.
全人类都在渴望实现一种永恒的和平。
Solving the pollution problem is a long-lasting battle.
解决污染问题是一场旷日持久的战役。
(66)environment n. /surroundings n.
surroundings 指一个人四周的生活环境,是从周围事物这一客观着眼。environment指包括空气、水、人类等在内的生态环境、自然环境,也可指精神环境,均从环境对人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼。
例:The guest house stands in picturesque surroundings. 宾馆四周环境优美如画。
Everyone prefers to live in clean and comfortable surroundings·
人人都愿意生活在清洁舒适的环境中。
A child’s character is greatly influenced by his home environment.
孩子的性格受家庭影响很大。
(67)examination n. /investigation n. /inspection n.
examination一般用词,可指粗略的察看或对事物的细节也进行细致的考察;investigation指对某一事件、案件进行的从头至尾的调查研究;inspection强调按照确定的标准对事物进行的检验、视察。
例:When shall we receive the examination results? (= exam)
我们什么时候可以收到考试结果?
a medical examination体格检查
The police investigation will take weeks.
警察的调查将进行几个星期。
The mayor made an inspection of the school.
市长视察了这所学校。
(68)extend v. /expand v. /expend v. /stretch v. /spread v. /scatter v.
extend意为“延伸,扩展,伸出”;expand意为“张开,展开,膨胀”;expend意为“用掉,耗费掉”;stretch指把某样东西变长,通常不是加长,而是用拉伸的方法使之变长;spread指使某物摊开、展开或消息等向四面八方传播开;scatter指把种子、垃圾或其他碎物撒开。
例:She extended both hands towards her mother.
她向母亲伸出双臂。
The road extends for miles.
这条路绵延数英里。
He expanded his short story into a novel.
他将自己的一篇短篇小说扩展为一部长篇小说。
Metal expands by heating.
金属加热后会延展。
They had expended a great amount of time on the project.
他们在这项工程上耗费了许多时间。
He tried to stretch the banner between two poles. 他努力把旗在两杆之间拉直。
spread her fingers张开手指;spread the news 传播消息
We spread the bicycle parts out on the floor.
我们将自行车零件在地板上摊开。
The farmer scattered the corn in the yard for the hens.
农民把谷子撒在院子里喂鸡。
(69)feeling n. /emotion n. /passion n.
均可表示“感情”。feeling泛指一般的情绪,在心理学上特指受到外界刺激所产生的感觉。emotion指受到刺激所产生的喜怒哀乐等激动情绪。passion指往往不能自持的极强烈的情绪,如强烈的愤怒、爱好、恋情、情欲等。
例:a feeling of happiness幸福感;a feeling of shame羞愧感
His voice was choked with emotion. 他激动得说不出话来。
My current passion is to play chess. 我现在的激情是下棋。
(70)fragment n. /segment n.
fragment意为“片段,碎片”,强调不完整,碎的概念;segment意为“瓣,事物(如网)的一段等”,突出一部分的概念。
例:She dropped the bowl on the floor, and it broke into fragments.
她失手将碗掉在地板上摔成碎片。
He overheard fragments of their conversation.
他偷听到他们谈话的一些片段。
An orange is easily pulled apart into its segments.
我们可以很容易地把桔子剥成一瓣一瓣的。
The shaded part is a segment of the circle.
阴影部分是圆的一部分。
(71)gather v. /assemble v. /collect v.
gather指把东西集中在一起或把人召集在一起。assemble指装配,集合,聚集。这个词表明所涉及的人或物有确定的通常是紧密的联系,表示涉及的人是出于共同的兴趣或目的而聚集。collect指为了特定的目的把东西经过仔细挑选后收集起来。
例:A group of students gathered in front of the administration building.
一群学生聚集在行政大楼前面。
assemble the jury召集陪审团;assemble a machine装配机器
collect antiques收集古物;collect stamps集邮
(72)glimpse v.&n. /glance v.&n.
glimpse意为“瞥见一眼”,有时表示一点点,多从结果的角度讲,常用于短语get a glimpse of/catch a glimpse of; glance意为“很快地看一眼,一瞥”,多从动作的角度讲,常与at连用,词组为at a glance, glance through/over。
例:We glimpsed the field through the trees.
透过树丛我们瞥了一眼田野。
We caught a glimpse of his face as he ran past.
他从我们身边跑过时,我们看了一眼他的长相。
I knew a glimpse of truth.
我了解一些真相。
I had a glimpse of his true feelings when I saw how worried he was.
当我看到他是如此着急时,我隐约意识到一点他的真实情感。
I took a glance at the book.
我飞快地浏览了一下这本书。
She glanced quickly at them all.
她很快地扫了他们一眼。
(73)ignore v. /neglect v.
ignore意为“漠视,不理睬”;neglect意为“忽视,遗漏,疏忽”。
例:Ann ignored her friend’s confusion.
安娜不理睬她的朋友现在迷惑不解的样子。
The boy was so rude that we decided to ignore him.
那个男孩太粗鲁,我们决定不去理睬他。
You’re neglecting your work.
你工作太不上心了。
I’ve neglected to clean your room this morning.
今天早上我忘记打扫你的房间了。
(74)ill a. /sick a. /faint v.
ill指“不健康”,“坏”;英语用ill作表语当“生病”讲,美国则用sick。sick作“生病”讲,美国更常用,此外,常指“恶心”、“想呕吐”、“讨厌”等意。faint指“头晕”、“失神无力”。
例:The child has been ill-treated in the orphan house.
这孩子在孤儿院里一直受虐待。
ill effects副作用
She feels sick in buses. 她在公共汽车上觉得很恶心。
She fainted because of the heat. 她热昏过去了。
(75)equipment n. /facility n. /appliance n. /instrument n.
equipment指成套的装备,设备,器具;facility指服务性的设施或为使主要设备工作方便而造的辅助设备;appliance指用于特定目的的工具,器具或家用器具等;instrument指科研、实验仪器或乐器等。
例:office equipment 办公室设备;travel equipment旅行设备
public facilities公共设施;health care facilities. 医疗保健设施
household appliances家用电器
musical instrument乐器;optical instrument光学仪器
(76)imply v. /suggest v. /infer v.
imply指暗含某种意思而不明言的“暗示”;suggest指用间接的、旁敲侧击的办法表示出自己的看法;infer表示推断, 指由证据或根据得出结论或由特定情况推测。
例:Silence sometimes implies consent. 沉默有时暗指同意。
His erect and careless attitude suggested assurance and power.
他直截了当和粗心的态度让人想到确信和力量。
I infer from your letter that you have not made up your mind yet.
我从你信中推想,你还没有下决心。
(77)initiate v. /launch v. /start v. /set off
initiate用在较正式的场合,表示“发起”、“提议”,口语可用begin替代;launch指公开地有一定声势地“发起”或“开始, ”某项事业或运动;start指事物从静止状况开始运动,或开始某种实际活动等;set off常指“动身”、“出发”或“引起”某种突然的行动。
例:The two countries initiated their trade with each other until recently.
直到最近两国之间才开始贸易往来。
The organization launched a campaign to support environmental protection.
该组织发起了一项运动来支持环境保护。
It is three years since he started his studies in the college.
自从他开始在那所大学学习已经是三年了。
What else should we do before we set off ?
在我们动身前还有其他什么要做的吗?
(78)intend v. /volunteer v. /offer v. /attempt v.
intend指内心中具有某种尚不明确的意向或决定,即“意欲”、“想要”干什么;volunteer强调出自个人内心的自觉自愿的行动;offer指主动地向对方提出建议、给予奉献或帮助等;attempt指尝试采取某种行动以观察是否能够成功,暗指对其行动的结果缺乏成功的把握。
例:I intend to go shopping this weekend.
Many Chinese college students volunteer to be a teacher in remote and poor area.
许多中国大学生志愿到边远贫困地区支教。
He offered us his help, which made us grateful.
他主动提出给我们帮助,让我们很感动。
The criminal attempted to escape, but he failed.
那名罪犯企图逃跑,但是没有得逞。
(79)merge v. /combine v. /join v. /unite v.
merge指数家公司或商行合并为一家;或使原来的事物在新事物中消失或被吞没;combine指把原来的事物结合起来成为新的统一体;join指把一些东西结合在一起,或连接在一起;unite与combine相近,尤指把各种力量团结成一个整体,侧重于结合起来的人或物的协调性或一致性。
例:Lately two big software companies has merged, which has aroused wide media concern.
最近两家大的电脑公司合并,引起了媒体的广泛关注。
The two principal political parties have combined to form a government.
两个主要政党已经联合起来组成政府。
The children joined hands. 孩子们拉起手来。
We must unite together in order to realize our common purposes.
为了共同的目标我们必须团结起来。
(80)memorize v. /remember v. /remind v. /reflect v.
memorize指有目的地记忆一些东西的内容;remember指在头脑中保存着某一事物或印象,加以思索,即可想出;remind指使人回想起某人某事,或提醒某人让他记住某事;reflect指仔细思索记忆中的往事,意为“反省”、“细想”。
例:The computer can memorize and deal with millions of data.
这台计算机能够存储并处理数百万个数据。
Do you remember to lock the door?
记着锁门了吗?
These photos remind me of my college life.
这些照片使我回想起我的大学时光。
You should often reflect the mistakes you have made.
你应该经常反省一下自己曾经犯过的错误。
(81)migrant n. /emigrant n. /immigrant n.
这三个词都与移居者有关,由于前缀不同,含义不同:migrant移民,immigrant移入者,即入境移民。emigrant是ex的变体(=out):移出者,即出境移民,指自本国移居他国者。
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